How to remove lice at home

Chill out
First things first: Take a deep breath and don't freak out if your child has head lice. Sure, they're gross (just talking about them can make your head itch), but they're not actually harmful to health.

It's best to approach lice as a war on many fronts: You need to use a variety of techniques to kill not only adult lice, but also their tiny eggs (called nits), which are glued to the hair shaft. The nits can survive treatments that kill the adults and vice versa (These bugs have evolved over a millennium to live in hair, so they're tricky).

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It's best to steel yourself for weeks or months of vigilance since lice can reappear due to repeated exposure or a missed nit. What doesn't help is panic.

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Nitpicking and combing
The gold standard for head lice removal, you'll need to do this in conjunction with almost all other treatments. First you comb hair section by section with a special comb like the Nit Free Terminator Comb ($10; amazon.com) to remove lice and nits.

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Years ago Albano-Krosche spent hours extracting nits by hand from her kids' hair. These days, she wields a fined-toothed metal comb. "It's so much quicker and cleaner and neater," she said. After a comb-through, she uses a magnification light to find and pick out any strays.

"No matter what kind of (lice-killing) product you use, the combing it the key," she said. You cannot get rid of lice until you've picked every last egg, she noted.



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Pyrethrins/Pyrethrum
Pyrethrum, the active ingredient in Rid shampoo ($13; amazon.com) and similar over-the-counter products (A-200 and Pronto, for example) comes from chrysanthemum flowers that harbor natural insecticides called pyrethrins. Pyrethrins attack the nervous systems of live lice but don't always work because some lice have become resistant to the toxin.

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Apply product to dry hair, wait 10 minutes, add water to form a lather and rinse. Comb for nits. A second application is recommended 7 to 10 days later to kill any live bugs that remain. Watch for allergic reactions.



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Olive oil
This kitchen staple is thought to be an excellent smothering agent. Lice supposedly suffocate and die when the ooze plugs their breathing holes, but it needs to be applied overnight under a shower cap because lice can survive without breathing for hours. You'll also have to comb to remove nits, but the olive oil should help loosen them from the hair shafts.

Albano-Krosche has had success with an olive oil-and-combing regimen. Joan Sawyer, co-author of the book Head Lice to Dead Lice, promotes a "5-Step Battle Plan" that involves applying olive oil on specific days over the course of a 21-day period.

how to remove lice at home

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Permethrin lotion 1%
Permethrin, the active ingredient in over-the-counter products like Nix ($15; amazon.com) is a synthetic version of pyrethrins. Permethrin works in much the same way as pyrethrins to attack live lice, although there are reports of lice becoming resistant to this medicine. Allergic reactions are possible.

On damp, shampooed (but not conditioned) hair, saturate head with the lotion. Leave for 10 minutes, rinse and comb out nits. Repeat if live lice appear 7 or more days after the initial treatment.

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Hair dryers
In a study, hot-air methods proved highly effective in killing nits, but less so in eradicating live lice. An old-fashioned bonnet dryer killed nearly 89% of nits but just 10% of lice, while a blow dryer using direct heat got rid of nearly 98% of nits and 55% of lice. So use a hair dryer on freshly washed hair to increase your chance of eradicating the little buggers. But never use hot air after applying a chemical lice treatment. Some may contain flammable ingredients.



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Spinosad
This prescription lotion (brand name Natroba) contains spinosad, a natural insecticide derived from bacteria found in soil. It was approved in January 2011 for patients 4 years of age and older. In two clinical trials, 84.6% and 86.7% of patients were lice-free 14 days after treatment, versus 44.9% and 42.9% with permethrin.

Coat the scalp and work the liquid through dry hair from roots to ends. Leave on for 10 minutes, rinse and comb for nits. The common side effects are eye and skin irritation.

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A Calorie Deficit to Lose Weight
You lose visceral and subcutaneous belly fat using the same strategy: Eat less and move more. A pound is equal to 3,500 calories, so if you create a 500- to 1,000-calorie deficit daily for a week, you lose 1 or 2 total pounds over those seven days. For most people, simply eating less to create the deficit puts them at too low of a calorie intake. You don't want to dip below 1,200 daily calories if you're a woman or 1,800 calories if you're a man, because it's usually nutritionally deficient and unsustainable. Such a low intake often results in a loss of valuable calorie-burning muscle mass, too.

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Instead, create a deficit using a combination of diet and exercise. For example, plan to exercise off 250 extra calories and trim 250 calories from your meals every day. This adds up to a 500-calorie-per-day deficit that results in a pound lost each week. You may want to slim down your belly faster, but fast weight loss is more likely to be regained. Quick-fix methods also use unhealthy, unsound weight-loss strategies that cause the loss of a lot of muscle and water, rather than actual fat.

Targeting Abdominal Fat
Usually, targeting a specific part of your body for fat loss isn't realistic. Your body mobilizes fat from all over your body for loss when you experience a calorie deficit, not just the one place you want. Belly-widening visceral fat is somewhat different, though. Your body doesn't see visceral fat as a storage depot, but as a health risk, and responds relatively quickly to efforts to reduce it. Some of the first fat you lose when you become more physically active is visceral fat.

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Subcutaneous fat, however, isn't as easy to lose. You find it on your hips, thighs, upper arms and, of course, your muffin top. It produces more molecules that are beneficial, and your body uses it as a guard against starvation, even if that isn't a real modern-day worry. Because about 90 percent of your body fat is subcutaneous, it has a lot of stores from which to draw when you're losing weight. You usually reduce fat proportionally -- a little from your thighs, a little from your tum. Your muffin top may be one of the last areas to hold on, even when you become considerably leaner.

An Eating Strategy for Fat Loss
Trimming daily caloric intake to between 1,200 and 1,800 helps most people lose weight. Exactly how many you need depends on your size, weight-loss rate goal, activity level, gender and age. Consult with a dietitian to determine your ideal intake for weight loss.

Once you know your calorie intake, plan a menu made up of whole foods. Vegetables, fruits and lean proteins, such as white-meat chicken, fish and lean steak, should be staples in your diet. Limit creamy salad dressing, full-fat dairy and rich sauces. Opt for vinegar, citrus juice, olive oil, herbs and spices as alternative ways to punch up flavor.

Moderate servings of whole grains, instead of refined ones like white bread or white rice, round out your meals. Whole grains don't encourage the development of belly fat like refined grains do, showed a study published in a 2010 issue of the Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

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Processed snacks may be convenient, but they're usually heavy in sugar and refined grains. Instead of chips, white crackers and cereal bars, choose fresh fruit, low-fat yogurt or nuts as a healthier option to support weight loss.

A diet based on these foods will help reduce visceral fat initially and subcutaneous fat in the long run.

Revise Your Beverage Intake
Soda, fancy coffee and energy drinks contain considerable calories that can easily make you overshoot your daily calorie goal, so you put on extra weight. Beverages sweetened with sugar and high-fructose corn syrup also contribute to the development of visceral fat and liver fat, reported a review published in a 2013 issue of Diabetes Care. Sugary drinks don't make you feel full, so you eat calories from food in addition to them.

Although fruit juice has some nutritional value, it's easy to drink large servings and take in a lot of excess calories. Juice is also missing the fiber of whole fruit, and fiber is what slows your digestion. It keeps you feeling full for longer and moderates the impact the sugar in the fruit has on your blood sugar. Most of the time, drink water or unsweetened tea instead of calorie-laden beverages..

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Strength-Train to Tone Your Midsection
Magazine ads and fitness gadgets promise that their exercises will eradicate your muffin top. Exercise can't melt or burn fat from a specific area; it can only strengthen and grow the muscles there, under the fat. A comprehensive training program that works your entire body to increase the amount of lean muscle on your body and cardiovascular training that burns excess calories help you get rid of visceral and subcutaneous fat.

Strength-train at least twice per week and target all the major muscle groups -- the hips, thighs, arms, shoulders, back and chest, as well as the abdominals. Multijoint exercises such as squats, lunges, pulls and presses work multiple muscles at once to expedite your session. Go for eight to 12 repetitions of each exercise you choose, and use a weight that feels heavy by the last couple of efforts. Start with just one set, but work up to two or three over time.

Burn Calories to Drop Weight
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly to promote good health. More cardio exercise is necessary for weight loss -- at least 250 minutes per week, says the American College of Sports Medicine. A brisk walk, water aerobics, dance fitness or gentle cycling all count toward this goal.

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Make two or three of your weekly cardio sessions consist of high-intensity interval training to expedite the loss of visceral and subcutaneous fat. This type of exercise, which involves alternating short bouts of high-intensity work with equal bouts of less intense work, improves fitness while lowering insulin resistance and causing better fat oxidation, or burning, reported a review published in the Journal of Obesity in 2011. A sample HIIT session consists of a five-minute warm-up and then alternating two-minute segments of sprinting with two minutes of walking, five times. End with a short cool-down.